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According to investigators, patients implanted with  diffractive multifocal IOLs had notable declines in the corrected distance visual acuity, distance corrected near VA, and near area of focus with aging

Study finds progressive declines in vision in aging patients with diffractive multifocal IOLs

ASCRS Foundation, Aerie raise over $100,000 for cataract surgery patients

The EnVision Summit, co-founded by Bonnie An Henderson, MD, is a unique family-friendly, multispecialty CME ophthalmology conference, along with a newly introduced optometry track. Henderson sits down with 

' Sheryl Stevenson, group editorial director - eye care, to talk about the 2025 conference that will take place February 14 to 17 at the Caribe Hilton San Juan, in Puerto Rico.

Henderson describes the meeting as “a place where not only are physicians and optometrists learning, but their families are part of the experience too,” emphasizing the opportunity for personal and professional growth in a supportive, community-oriented environment.

The 2025 agenda will include symposia, surgical videos, panel discussions, and leadership seminars that highlight rapid advancements across ophthalmology specialties, including cataract, refractive, retina, glaucoma, pediatrics, and oculoplastics. “It’s incredible how quickly things change in ophthalmology—if you miss a year or two, you’ll be amazed by the innovations that have emerged,” Henderson shared. Updates on new intraocular lenses, surgical tools, and diagnostic techniques will showcase the field’s forward momentum. Additionally, a leadership seminar led by Malvina Eydelman, MD, Director of the Office of Ophthalmic, Anesthesia, Respiratory, ENT, and Dental Devices at FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, will feature discussions on career pathways and diversity, empowering attendees with insights from industry leaders.

The optometry track, introduced last year, continues to expand, emphasizing collaboration between ophthalmologists and optometrists in critical areas like preoperative and postoperative care, medications, and diagnostic tools. As Henderson explained, “It's important for both fields to come together and discuss how we can work together to improve patient care.” This cross-disciplinary dialogue reflects the summit's dedication to advancing care through shared expertise.

The youth program offers age-appropriate activities that allow children to engage in fun learning while also witnessing their parents' professional contributions. "It’s amazing to watch these kids grow up at EnVision Summit and form lasting friendships,” said Henderson. The trainee program, which offers free registration for residents, fellows, and medical students, has also seen growth. Henderson highlighted the program’s value, noting that it “gives young professionals the chance to network with leaders in the field and gain invaluable mentorship.”



To learn more about or to register for EnVision Summit 2025,

EnVision Summit

The EnVision Summit, co-founded by Bonnie An Henderson, MD, is a unique family-oriented, multispecialty ophthalmology CME conference, along with a newly introduced optometry track. Henderson sits down with Ophthalmology Times to talk about the 2025 conference that will take place February 14 to 17 at the Caribe Hilton San Juan, in Puerto Rico.

Connect, learn, and innovate in a family-friendly atmosphere:  What to expect at EnVision Summit 2025

Jai Parekh, MD, MBA, FAAO, a clinical associate professor of Ophthalmology/The New York Eye & Infirmary of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, and David Hutton, Managing Editor of Ophthalmology Times discuss the importance of ocular health prior to cataract and refractive surgery, specifically with osmolarity testing.

Editor's note: This transcript has been lightly edited for clarity:

Welcome to EyePod, a podcast series from Ophthalmology Times in which we engage with key opinion leaders in interviews about the latest innovations in the areas of surgery, clinical diagnosis, therapeutics, imaging, device technology, gene and cell therapy, practice management, and other cutting edge topics. I'm your host, David Hutton. I'm joined today by Dr. Jai Parekh, a clinical associate professor of ophthalmology, [at] the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine. He specializes in cataract, corneal, and refractive surgery at his practice in Woodland Park, New Jersey. We will discuss the importance of ocular health prior to cataract and refractive surgery, specifically with osmolarity testing. Thank you for joining us today.

I'm seeing in the literature that more than half of patients referred for cataract surgery have dry eye disease, or meibomian dysfunction and/or blepharitis. Can you talk a bit about the potential for that to affect the outcomes of surgery if left untreated?

Absolutely, David. There's no doubt that the ocular surface is incredibly important, as a vital sign when we're taking care of patients undergoing any kind of surgery, including cataract and refractive surgery. In fact, I would also include MIGs and pterygium surgery, are anyone undergoing ocular surface reconstruction. There's no doubt that up to 80% of our patients who are in our waiting rooms awaiting a cataract surgery evaluation, have some form of ocular surface disease. The literature supports that. And around 60% of our patients, when tested, actually have some abnormal tear osmolarity. 

So these vital signs are very important. When a patient comes to me, traditionally, over the last few decades, with cataract surgery, we always assumed blurry vision was why they came to see us. But often times when you tease that out, David, you'll see that patients also have fluctuating vision. So if they have fluctuating vision as well as blurry vision, I now have a couple of disease states to take care of. 

For sure the cataract, if a cataract is commensurate with that blurry vision. Of course, we do a complete examination to make sure there's no glaucoma, no macular degeneration, or no retinopathy or maculopathy, or any other reason for the blurry vision. But if they have fluctuating vision, you sure as well know, 99% of the time, there's probably an ocular surface issue. 

And David, you said it so well, it's not just dry eye — it's dry eye, it's any inflammatory state of the corneal surface, it's lid disease, it's been meibomian gland dysfunction. It could be Demodex, it could be obstructive lid disease, any and all the above can lead to some form of fluctuating vision, and therefore, ocular surface disease. 

So ocular surface disease, for sure, is a very important part of our workup of the patient. And if the patient has it, guess what, we will delay the surgery—we don't even have to call it delaying surgery—we now have the patient enter our rooms or our doors for a journey in cataract refractive surgery and or ocular surface disease rehabilitation. And when they do that, and we take care of the ocular surface, and you mitigate the fluctuating vision, you'll now have better visual outcomes after that surgery.

So you're busy. You're seeing surgical referrals, but you can't just focus on surgery, you have to deal with ocular surface disease. What does an efficient screening process look like?

It takes a village David. It takes a village of the front desk. It takes the village of our optometrists that work closely with us. And yes, that cataract surgery, that surgical evaluation now begins preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. 

Postoperatively you want to maintain these patients' expectations and vision. And nowadays, all the companies have come out with some great multifocal IOLs and some great toric IOLs. But guess what, even though the patient doesn't pay for the upgrade, or can't afford the upgrade, they still want good vision. These patients want very, very good vision. And to do that, we have to make sure we test for the ocular surface issues.

We use tear osmolarity as our go-to testing modality in screening these patients for ocular surface issues. If they have numbers that are abnormal, we then delay the surgery, and we then start to restore their ocular surface by addressing the underlying cause. It could be inflammation, it could be obstruction, it could be infection, or it could be all the above. And sometimes we wait 4, 6 and even 8 weeks. 

So I can't do this myself. I need my optometrist, I need my front desk. I need my technicians to screen for this, to help educate our providers that refer to us that they may not have cataract surgery their patients the next week or 2 weeks, but they could have the opportunity for me to take care of their ocular surface first, and then undergo the surgical intervention. So it takes a village, very important [it] takes the right testing. We don't put patients through 20 different tests. We'll do a full examination, use the slit lamp, speak to the patient and family, use a tear osmolarity to check for that inflammatory debris, that inflammatory burden. And if abnormal, we will then start making the right medical interventions before we undergo the cataract surgery.

As you mentioned you're treating patients for 4, 6 or even 8 weeks — How do they feel about treatment and about delaying their surgery?

You know, that's a great question. Once we educate them, that we are going to provide them the best outcome in cataract surgery — not only in our surgical technique, not only what we do intraoperatively with the right IOL or the right combination of antibiotics and steroids and nonsteroidals after cataract surgery, but also their ocular surface. 

So when they hear that, and if I change my mind, they'd be like "no, Dr. J, you mentioned delaying the surgery, we trust you. We were refered to you by other doctors or other family members." And therefore it becomes much easier. If you don't spend the time to educate the patient. Now, let's say a surgeon has to do that. Sometimes it's the surgeon and the optometrist, or the surgeon and the other doctor in the practice, that's fine. That battery of specialists take care of the patient, is what the patient wants. They're paying you, not for surgery, they're paying for the best outcome possible. But also to make sure that they're the right candidates for cataract surgery. 

So a patient with an abnormal tear osmolarity or some dysfunctional ocular surface, we're going to delay it and they'll always, 100% of the time, appreciate us for that.

While you're treating dry eye, what are you looking at that says "Okay, treatment has worked, this patient is ready for surgery"?

Well, I tell the patient, if I see them on Monday, I'll see them back in 4 to 6 weeks. Oftentimes, I will start them with a good, brand name, artificial tear anti-inflammatories. We may do a warming of the lids, and wiping away, or mitigating the obstruction. We may put them on a bunch of medications and interventions to help restore the ocular surface. And as long as they're headed in the right direction, we mitigate their fluctuating vision. We'll see them back in 4 weeks, sometimes 5 weeks. 

We'll sometimes put in a plug then, to make sure that the plug is plugging up a good tear film, not a disease tear film. Once, I'm not saying you got to get to 100%, but once we get to 50, 60, 70% you then will have a better outcome in surgery. And after surgery they have to maintain that. The surgery maybe the teeth whitening, if I can use an analogy, but if they don't stop drinking coffee, or drink soda with a straw, or eat that apple or brush their teeth twice a day with flossing, it's going to come back again. 

So maintaining the patient's ocular surface health and testing them for it is incredibly important.

And lastly, do you have any tips for other surgeons who may want to make this an efficient process screening and treatment for dry disease before surgery?

Listen, I've been doing surgery now for the last 2 and a half decades. We love being in the operating room. But the best thing about our specialties our personality comes out. Our bedside manner comes out at the salt lamp in our offices. 

So always love to do surgery but you want the best outcomes for your patients. In busy surgery, you may have vitreous loss, you may have a patient that may not do well intraoperatively. Sometimes it's out of our control, right? Some patients have very tough eyes or traumatic eyes or something, you know, hyper mature cataract. Which may lead them to not do well, unfortunately. We take care of them postoperatively. 

In this scenario, we know we want to not float our risk, but manage our risk up front and make sure we take care of the ocular surface. So if you don't have enough time as a surgeon, to listen to your patient, or to screen them for ocular surface issues — have another doctor in your practice do it. It's still under the same umbrella. Have your optometrist do it, have them do the tear care to mitigate their obstruction, or put them on RESTASIS or Xiidra or CEQUA or a steroid or a plug. 

All these things are in armamentarium. So it takes a village from the technicians, the surgeons, the optometrists, all the eye care providers in your practice, to really afford the patient the best outcome. Because guess what? Your next 1000 patients undergoing cataract surgery, 80% of them will have ocular surface issues, 60% of them may have abnormal tear osmolarity, and a lot of them may have an aberration in the measurements you take around the time of cataract surgery. 

And therefore, you're not going to achieve a good premium outcome that all of our patients want, despite a multifocal lens, despite a toric lens, or just a straight plain good monofocal, say with a limbal relaxing incision. All these things will guide their management and really lead to a happy practice, happy patients and happy doctors.

Excellent. Thank you so much for your great advice today. And thank you for joining us on EyePod.

Thanks for listening to this episode of EyePod by Ophthalmology Times. If there are topics you would like to hear about, let us know. You can also stay connected with us on Twitter, LinkedIn or Instagram. We'll see you next time.

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Dr. Jai Parekh, a clinical associate professor of Ophthalmology/The New York Eye & Infirmary of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine and David Hutton, Managing Editor of Opthalmology Times discuss the importance of ocular health prior to cataract and refractive surgery, specifically with osmolarity testing.

The importance of ocular health prior to cataract and refractive surgery

The acquisition focuses on LayerBio's OcuRing-K technology, with plans to initiate the next clinical trial.

PainReform acquires majority equity interest in LayerBio

From Nobel laureates to AI-driven research, the Wilmer Eye Institute honors a century of transforming vision science and care.

Wilmer Eye Institute marks 100 years: honoring the past, shaping the future

The center aims to optimize patients' vision with a range of cataract and corneal refractive procedures and minimize reliance on glasses and contacts.

Mount Sinai’s NYEE unveils Center for Refractive Solutions

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Tenpoint Therapeutics and Visus Therapeutics have merged to focus on aging-related ocular conditions, with key products including BRIMOCHOL PF for presbyopia and therapies for cataracts and geographic atrophy.

Tenpoint Therapeutics and Visus Therapeutics complete merger, combining ophthalmic therapeutics portfolios

50 years of ophthalmology: What changed the game (Part 2)

 50th anniversary celebration, anterior segment surgeons at the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS) 2025 annual meeting in Los Angeles, California, shared their perspectives on the most impactful innovations in ophthalmology over the past five decades.

Eric Donnenfeld, MD, reflected on the field’s evolution: “What has been the greatest impact on ophthalmology? My response to that is simply everything has changed.” He highlighted cataract surgery’s transformation, from large incisions to microincisions, emphasizing advances such as the intraocular lens introduced 70 years ago and phacoemulsification pioneered by Charles Kelman, MD. Donnenfeld also pointed to glaucoma management improvements, noting the promise of “interventional glaucoma and using lasers and drug delivery systems.”

Jai Parekh, MD, focused on anterior segment surgery and glaucoma innovations. “Cataract surgery has come a long way: smaller incisions, better recovery times,” he said, noting more than 5 million cataract surgeries in the US last year alone. On glaucoma, Parekh described interventional techniques including trabecular bypass stents, drug delivery, and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), stressing, “I’ve always said ‘all MIGS matter’ and it truly is all MIGS matter.”

Eva Kim, MD, expressed excitement about lens-based refractive surgery’s rise and the expanding “toolbox of lenses,” including multifocals and light adjustable lens technology that offer customization and reduce spectacle dependence. She also highlighted implantable collamer lens surgery, saying it allows vision correction “without even having to remove anything or change my patient’s eye.”

Joaquin de Rojas, MD, noted retinal injections for wet and dry age-related macular degeneration as a game changer, noting, “We now have a treatment for these patients.” He also cited advancements in cataract surgery such as toric lenses for astigmatism correction as pivotal.

Ophthalmologists discuss the most impactful advancements reshaping patient care over five decades.

50 years of ophthalmology: What changed the game? (Part 1)

 celebrates its 50th anniversary, the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS) 2025 annual meeting in Los Angeles, California, provided the perfect backdrop to reflect on the transformational innovations that have shaped ophthalmology over the last half-century. Ophthalmologists shared their insights on the profession’s evolution, celebrating technological advances and paradigm shifts that continue to define modern eye care.

“Fifty years is a long time!” exclaimed Cynthia Matossian, MD. “A lot has changed in ophthalmology in 5 decades.” One of the most profound changes she noted is the increased representation of women in the field. “There were very, very few women, let alone women in leadership positions…. Now, fortunately, that landscape has changed.”

Technology emerged as a central theme. Matossian highlighted advances in diagnostics and treatment, from imaging tools to therapeutics for dry eye and retinal disease. “Dry eye wasn’t a thing back then,” she recalled, “and now it’s a whole new category in and of itself.”

Phacoemulsification stood out as a cornerstone of surgical innovation. “Phacoemulsification by far completely changed how we treat patients with cataract surgery,” said Mark Lobanoff, MD. “In my era,” he added, “femtosecond [laser]–assisted cataract surgery…[is] the future.”

Monique Barbour, MD, MHA, cited 4 major innovations: modern cataract surgery, LASIK, anti-VEGF therapies for retinal diseases, and advanced diagnostics such as OCT [optical coherence tomography] and OCTA [optical coherence tomography angiography]. “Foldable IOLs…are revolutionary,” she said, reflecting on her transition from sutures and manual expression to phaco techniques.

The excimer laser was hailed by Parag Majmudar, MD, as a game changer in refractive surgery. “It’s an amazing, fascinating story of how innovation, persistence, and technology…created an environment where we can shape people’s vision.”

Neda Shamie, MD, summed up the sentiment well: “Each year, I have access to better and better technology, thanks to that rapid evolution of innovations.” These reflections celebrate not only how far ophthalmology has come but also the boundless potential that lies ahead.

In honor of Ophthalmology Times’ 50th anniversary, anterior segment surgeons attending ASCRS 2025 weigh in on the innovations that defined modern ophthalmology.

50 years of ophthalmology: What changed the game (Part 1)

ASCRS 2025: Amar Shah, MD, on why hyperosmolar tear film before and after cataract surgery matters

Amar P. Shah, MD, of Mid Ohio Eye, presented new findings on tear film hyperosmolarity and its implications for cataract surgery outcomes during the 2025 American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery Annual Meeting, held April 25–28 in Los Angeles, California. “One central feature of dry eye disease is hyperosmolarity of the tear film,” Shah emphasized, highlighting its role in initiating inflammatory cascades, cellular damage, and tear film instability.

For cataract patients, this is more than a dry eye concern—it has direct surgical relevance. A hyperosmolar tear film can compromise preoperative measurements, potentially skewing keratometry and biometry values and leading to inaccurate IOL power calculations. Even with precise biometry, patients may experience visual fluctuations postoperatively due to tear film–induced light scatter. “It might be going from blurry to clear and bouncing all over the place,” Shah explained.

Shah’s study identified 3 key findings:

Postoperative Emergence of Hyperosmolarity

: Remarkably, 30% of patients with normal preoperative osmolarity became hyperosmolar 1 month postoperatively. “All of a sudden 1 month after surgery, when they should be kind of healed, they're hyperosmolar,” he noted.

Limited Resolution in Hyperosmolar Patients

: Only 50% of preoperatively hyperosmolar patients normalized postoperatively, despite standard regimens of antibiotics, steroids, and NSAIDs. Shah remarked, “The fact that still half of patients in that group were hyperosmolar was telling.”

: Across all patients, nearly 40% remained hyperosmolar 1 month postoperatively, underscoring the need for greater preoperative attention to ocular surface health.

These findings suggest that osmolarity testing could play a more routine role in cataract evaluations. “It’s an additional piece of evidence that could potentially identify patients that may be at risk for ocular surface issues,” Shah said. While surgery was not delayed based on osmolarity in the study, Shah suggested elevated values could justify treatment before proceeding. Furthermore, tear osmolarity could be a valuable diagnostic tool in postoperative patients with unexplained visual dissatisfaction.

He noted that the data support a paradigm shift: integrating tear film osmolarity into pre- and postoperative workflows could significantly enhance refractive accuracy and patient satisfaction.

A significant proportion of cataract surgery patients exhibit hyperosmolar tear film both before and 1 month after surgery, underscoring preoperative screening and postoperative management to optimize visual outcomes.

Inside ASCRS 2025: Francis S. Mah, MD, takes the helm with a vision for research, education, and advocacy

Francis S. Mah, MD, incoming president of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS), sat down with the Eye Care Network to share his goals and perspectives ahead of the 2025 ASCRS Annual Meeting, taking place April 25–28 in Los Angeles, California. The role is a 1-year term, and Mah sees it as an opportunity to build on the momentum of past leadership.

“It’s obviously a huge honor,” Mah said, noting the legacy of strong leadership within ASCRS. Following Vance Thompson, MD’s term—which spotlighted the business and practical aspects of ophthalmic care—Mah plans to shift focus slightly. “I’d like to focus again on some of the aspects that really got me interested and excited to participate... such as education, research, the [ASCRS] Foundation, as well as Government Relations.”

Mah emphasized the importance of strengthening ASCRS’ role in an uncertain health care landscape, particularly with evolving FDA policies and the impact on research and industry partnerships. “We need to really try to strengthen those areas that might get impacted,” he said, adding that support for members engaged in research and innovation will be essential.

This year’s conference introduces SightLine, a new meeting held on the day before the Annual Meeting and designed to replace Eyecelerator

and refocus on practical challenges in anterior segment surgery. “SightLine really... focuses more on the practice of medicine,” Mah explained, aligning with ASCRS’ mission to deliver timely, practice-enhancing content.

Subspecialty days on Friday will include the Roger Steinert and new Ed Holland named lectures, along with a fresh session on the business of interventional glaucoma surgery. A keynote appearance on Sunday by Dr. Glaucomflecken is also expected to draw wide interest.

“It’s a phenomenal meeting,” Mah said, encouraging colleagues to attend and engage deeply. “Try to absorb as much and really enjoy what ASCRS can provide for you in your everyday practice.”

Mah previews a packed 2025 Annual Meeting, from the debut of SightLine to Dr. Glaucomflecken’s return to the main stage, and outlines his priorities for the year ahead as incoming ASCRS president.

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EnVision Summit 2025: Lana Rifkin, MD, on the unique role of uveitis specialists

To learn more about or to register for EnVision Summit 2025, 

Lana Rifkin, MD, a uveitis specialist at Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston, shared insights into her work and her role as committee chair of the uveitis section for the upcoming EnVision Summit, which will be held from February 14 to 17, 2025, at the Caribe Hilton San Juan in Puerto Rico. Rifkin treats a wide range of uveitis cases, both pediatric and adult.

She highlighted the tailored nature of uveitis management, stating, “Pediatric and adult uveitis are completely different. The treatment options really have to be geared towards the specific patient.” In pediatric cases, she emphasized the importance of steroid-sparing strategies to avoid complications like cataracts and glaucoma in a vulnerable population.

Rifkin expressed her passion for collaboration, noting that uveitis care requires close teamwork with specialists across cornea, glaucoma, and retina. “Uveitis encompasses all of the specialties,” she said, adding that both the disease itself and its treatments often intersect with these fields. This multidisciplinary approach is reflected at EnVision Summit, where specialists convene to share insights and advance patient care.

Regarding innovations in uveitis management, Rifkin underscored the importance of reducing reliance on steroids due to their significant side effects. She remarked, “There are multiple things in the pipeline that are steroid sparing, not only with topical but also systemic options.” She described the field as dynamic, with constant advancements offering hope for improved outcomes.

Finally, Rifkin celebrated the unique atmosphere of the EnVision Summit, calling it “an amazing event” for education and networking. She also praised its family-friendly environment, sharing that it’s an opportunity for her children to see her thrive professionally while balancing her role as a parent. “Mom really can be both a doctor and a mom at the same time,” she said.

Lana Rifkin, MD, a uveitis specialist at Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston, shared insights into her work and her role as committee chair of the uveitis section for the upcoming EnVision Summit, which will be held from February 14 to 17, 2025, at the Caribe Hilton San Juan in Puerto Rico. 

Randall Olson, MD, discusses the Livionex ophthalmic solution C-KAD

Randall Olson, MD cataract treatment option

Cataract management has traditionally relied on surgery as the sole validated treatment option. However, a recent phase II clinical trial explored a novel non-surgical approach targeting early cataracts, with promising results. Randall Olson, MD, a Distinguished Professor at the University of Utah, Chair of the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and CEO of the John A. Moran Eye Center, discusses the study, which investigated a chelation-based treatment designed to address lens opacity by removing heavy metals and other accumulated materials.

Participants included individuals with early clinical nuclear sclerosis and anterior cortical cataracts, but not posterior subcapsular cataracts. Over a few months, patients in the treatment group showed statistically significant improvements in contrast sensitivity, equivalent to gaining approximately two lines of vision in low-light conditions. These results were also corroborated by Schiempflug imaging, which demonstrated objective improvements in lens clarity. Adverse effects were minimal, with mild ocular irritation reported slightly more frequently than in the placebo group.

While the short-term efficacy was clear, several unanswered questions remain. Key areas of interest include whether the treatment can delay the onset of clinically significant cataracts long-term and whether it could be effective prophylactically. The trial did not include long-term follow-up, but anecdotal evidence suggests effects may last up to two years.

A recent phase II clinical trial has explored a novel non-surgical treatment for early cataracts, showing promising results. The chelation-based approach targets lens opacity by removing heavy metals and other materials, leading to significant improvements in contrast sensitivity and lens clarity. Participants with early nuclear sclerosis and anterior cortical cataracts experienced vision gains, with minimal adverse effects. Despite the short-term efficacy, questions remain about long-term benefits and prophylactic potential. Future research, including Phase 3 trials, will be essential to determine the treatment's durability, broader applicability, and impact on cataract surgery needs.

Livionex, recently announced a successful end-of-Phase 2 meeting with the FDA, supporting the advancement of C-KAD, a 2.6% EDTA ophthalmic solution, to a Phase 3 clinical study. In an interview with Ophthalmology Times, Randall Olson, MD, lead author and a Distinguished Professor at the University of Utah, Chair of the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and CEO of the John A. Moran Eye Center, discusses the ongoing research.

Cataract Therapeutics

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