
Arun C. Gulani, MD, applies his keratoconus classification to cross-linking, rings, transplant, lens surgery, and staged care.

Aaishwariya A. Gulani, MD, is a PGY-4 ophthalmology resident at the Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee, and earned her medical degree from the University of Central Florida College of Medicine. She holds a degree from the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, where she concentrated in health care management and finance, and as Miss India USA 2020 advocated for reducing health care disparities.

Arun C. Gulani, MD, applies his keratoconus classification to cross-linking, rings, transplant, lens surgery, and staged care.

Arun C. Gulani, MD, introduces a keratoconus classification based on what prevents vision: visual, structural, or salvage.

In part 2 of a 2-part article, Arun C. Gulani, MD, walks through the 4 patient types of the Gulani classification of refractive lens exchange, from primary vision enhancement to staged vision engineering, and explains why outcomes depend on treating the eye as a complete optical system rather than on the implant alone.

Arun C. Gulani, MD, introduces the Gulani classification of refractive lens exchange, a 4-type framework for individualizing premium IOL selection and surgical strategy around each eye's visual potential rather than its diagnosis.

October 8th 2026

July 29th 2026