David F. Chang, MD, shares how to set realistic refractive IOL expectations and streamline patient counseling.
Feature|Articles|August 5, 2026
Bringing the Gulani classification to life: 4 pathways to the same destination
Fact checked by: Lucia Gambuzza
In part 2 of a 2-part article, Arun C. Gulani, MD, walks through the 4 patient types of the Gulani classification of refractive lens exchange, from primary vision enhancement to staged vision engineering, and explains why outcomes depend on treating the eye as a complete optical system rather than on the implant alone.
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Editor's note: This is Part 2 of a 2-part article on the Gulani classification of refractive lens exchange. Part 1, which introduced the classification's framework, was published on OphthalmologyTimes.com on July 29, 2026.
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