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Diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy

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Key Takeaways

  • A nationwide study assessed sight-threatening DR risk in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes versus nonpregnant controls.
  • The study included 1,041 pregnant women and matched controls, analyzing data from 36 months pre- and post-pregnancy.
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A study reveals similar risks of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes compared to nonpregnant controls.

Beautiful pregnancy of young family. Pregnant woman and man. Happy couple, wife and husband hugging tummy (Image credit: ©Wedding photography/AdobeStock)

(Image credit: ©Wedding photography/AdobeStock)

A recent nationwide registry study of women with type 1 diabetes, pregnant women, and retinopathy-matched, nonpregnant control participants had a similar risk of developing sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (DR).1

The objective of the study was to evaluate the risk of treatment of sight-threatening DR, defined as panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative DR or anti-VEGF injections for diabetic macular edema (DME) during and after pregnancy, compared to nonpregnant control participants.1

Using the national Danish Registry of Diabetic Retinopathy during and after pregnancy, investigators created a matched cohort study of women with type 1 diabetes who gave birth in 2013-2022. A total of 1,041 pregnant women and 1,041 matched control participants were included. The data were collected from relevant national registers from 36 months before pregnancy until 36 months after pregnancy.1

Photo courtesy of Diabetes Care

Photo courtesy of Diabetes Care

At baseline, the median duration (interquartile range [IQR]) of diabetes was 13 (6, 19) and 10 (5, 17) years for cases and control participants. Median baseline HbA1c (IQR) was 57 (50, 67) compared with 64 (55, 79) mmol/mol (7.4% vs. 8%), and DR was present in 42.7% of both groups.1

Investigators found that treatment of proliferative DR with panretinal photocoagulation occurred to a similar extent in both pregnant women vs. control participants during and after pregnancy. During treatment: 1.2% vs. 1.1%, respectively, OR 1.18 [95% CI 0.53, 2.66]); and after treatment: 2.7% vs. 2.9%, respectively, OR 0.93 [95% CI 0.55, 1.57]).1 Treatment of DME was rare in both groups. Progression to proliferative DR was not higher in the pregnant group (adjusted hazard ratio 0.64 [95% CI 0.32, 1.31]).1

Reference:

  1. Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy During and After Pregnancy – A Nationwide Matched-Cohort Study. Published August 26, 2025. Accessed September 2, 2025. https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/doi/10.2337/dc25-0758/163308/Sight-Threatening-Diabetic-Retinopathy-During-and

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