|Articles|May 15, 2006

Differentiating between divergence, convergence disorders is a challenge

Baltimore-Divergence and convergence abnormalities are similar in nature and can be difficult to differentiate. Michael Repka, MD, described the subtleties as well as what works best for these patients.

Don’t miss out—get Ophthalmology Times updates on the latest clinical advancements and expert interviews, straight to your inbox.

Subscribe Now!

Latest CME

In-Person + Virtual Event

Coordinated Care in Neovascular Retinal Disease: The Optometrist’s Role in Applying Advances in Management

February 1, 2026

In-Person Event

EnVision Summit

February 13-16, 2026

Multimedia

(CME Track) Expanding Horizons in Toric IOLs: Translating Technological Advances Into Improved Patient Outcomes

Rahul Tonk, MD, MBA

Video

(CME Track) The TED Perspective: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Thyroid Eye Care

Sara T. Wester, MD, FACS; Cecelia Koetting, OD; Sophie Liao, MD; Jennifer Murdock, MD

Video

(CME Track) Visionary Approaches: Rethinking Therapeutic and Interventional Glaucoma Management

Rachel Simpson, MD; James Murphy, MD; Mary Qiu, MD; Jessica Steen, OD, FAAO

$(COPE Track) The Neural Frontier: Mapping Neurostimulation Across the DED Patient Spectrum for Refractive Surgery$

Video

(COPE Track) The Neural Frontier: Mapping Neurostimulation Across the DED Patient Spectrum for Refractive Surgery

Zeba A. Syed, MD

Video

(COPE Track) Visionary Approaches: Rethinking Therapeutic and Interventional Glaucoma Management

Rachel Simpson, MD; James Murphy, MD; Mary Qiu, MD; Jessica Steen, OD, FAAO

Video

(COPE Track) The TED Perspective: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Thyroid Eye Care

Sara T. Wester, MD, FACS; Cecelia Koetting, OD; Sophie Liao, MD; Jennifer Murdock, MD

Multimedia

(COPE Track) Expanding Horizons in Toric IOLs: Translating Technological Advances Into Improved Patient Outcomes

Rahul Tonk, MD, MBA

Video

(COPE Track) Patient-Centered Treatment Strategies in the Management of nAMD and DME

Adrienne W. Scott, MD, FASRS; Justine Cheng, MD; Hong-Uyen Hua, MD; Sherrol A. Reynolds OD, FAAO, FNAP

Video

Practical Approaches to Modern Dry Eye Treatment and Management

Marc R. Bloomenstein, OD, FAAO; Cory J. Lappin, OD, MS, FAAO; Selina R. McGee, OD, FAAO

Video

(CME Credit) Time Matters in GA: The Impact of Early Detection and Proactive Treatment Approaches

Laxmi V. Devisetty, MD; Rodney P. Coe, MD, MS; Majda Hadziahmetovic, MD; Xiao Yi (Ellie) Zhou, MD

Video

(CME Track) Revolutionizing nAMD and DME Management: Collaborative Strategies in the Age of Durable Treatments

David S. Liao, MD, PhD; Chang Sup Lee, MD; Douglas Matsunaga, MD; Daniel Su, MD

Video

(CME Track) Patient-Centered Treatment Strategies in the Management of nAMD and DME

Adrienne W. Scott, MD, FASRS; Justine Cheng, MD; Hong-Uyen Hua, MD; Sherrol A. Reynolds OD, FAAO, FNAP

Video

(COPE Track) Revolutionizing nAMD and DME Management: Collaborative Strategies in the Age of Durable Treatments

David S. Liao, MD, PhD; Chang Sup Lee, MD; Douglas Matsunaga, MD; Daniel Su, MD

$(CME Track) The Neural Frontier: Mapping Neurostimulation Across the DED Patient Spectrum for Refractive Surgery$

Video

(CME Track) The Neural Frontier: Mapping Neurostimulation Across the DED Patient Spectrum for Refractive Surgery

Zeba A. Syed, MD

Video

(COPE Credit) Time Matters in GA: The Impact of Early Detection and Proactive Treatment Approaches

Laxmi V. Devisetty, MD; Rodney P. Coe, MD, MS; Majda Hadziahmetovic, MD; Xiao Yi (Ellie) Zhou, MD

Video

(CME Track) Clinical Consultations™: Framing a New Approach to Geographic Atrophy Management – Expert Insights into Recent Developments

Yasha Modi, MD; Carolyn Majcher, OD, FAAO, FORS

Video

(COPE Track) Clinical Consultations™: Framing a New Approach to Geographic Atrophy Management – Expert Insights into Recent Developments

Yasha Modi, MD; Carolyn Majcher, OD, FAAO, FORS

Video

(COPE Track) Rapid Reviews in Retina™: Emerging Updates from Winter 2025 – Addressing the Wealth of New Data in Treatments for nAMD and DME

David M. Brown, MD, FACS; Dilraj S. Grewal, MD

Video

(CME Track) Rapid Reviews in Retina™: Emerging Updates from Winter 2025 – Addressing the Wealth of New Data in Treatments for nAMD and DME

David M. Brown, MD, FACS; Dilraj S. Grewal, MD

Video

(CME Track) Collaborative Community Connections™: Mastering the Management of nAMD and DME Through Therapeutic Innovation

Veeral Sheth, MD, MBA, FASRS, FACS; Mark R. Barakat, MD, FASRS; Geeta Lalwani, MD; Xiao Yi Zhou, MD

Video

Living With X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa: What We Can Learn From a Patient’s Experience

Lejla Vajzovic, MD, FASRS; Ramiro Maldonado, MD

Video

(COPE Track) Collaborative Community Connections™: Mastering the Management of nAMD and DME Through Therapeutic Innovation

Veeral Sheth, MD, MBA, FASRS, FACS; Mark R. Barakat, MD, FASRS; Geeta Lalwani, MD; Xiao Yi Zhou, MD

Video

Living With X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa: What We Can Learn From a Patient’s Experience

Lejla Vajzovic, MD, FASRS; Ramiro Maldonado, MD

Video

Navigating the Glaucoma Therapeutic and Surgical Landscape: From Conventional to Cutting-Edge

Deborah Ristvedt, DO; Melissa Tawa, OD, FAAO

Video

(COPE Track) Neurotrophic Keratitis: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Enhance Patient Outcomes

Melissa Barnett, OD, FAAO, FSLS, FBCLA; Cecelia Koetting, OD, FAAO, DipABO; Quan Đông Nguyễn, MD, MSc; Jennifer Li, MD

Video

(CME Track) Neurotrophic Keratitis: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Enhance Patient Outcomes

Melissa Barnett, OD, FAAO, FSLS, FBCLA; Cecelia Koetting, OD, FAAO, DipABO; Quan Đông Nguyễn, MD, MSc; Jennifer Li, MD

Video

(CME Track) The Neural Network: Exploring The Role of Neuromodulation in Dry Eye Disease Management

Marjan Farid, MD; John Hovanesian, MD; Beeran Meghpara, MD

Video

(COPE Track) The Neural Network: Exploring The Role of Neuromodulation in Dry Eye Disease Management

Marjan Farid, MD; John Hovanesian, MD; Beeran Meghpara, MD

Video

(CME Track) Toric IOLs Unleashed: From Technological Progress to Patient Success

Tanner Ferguson, MD; Taj Nasser, MD, FWCRS

Video

(CME Track) Clinical Case Connections: Expert Insights on Applying Therapeutic Innovations in nAMD

Nathan C. Steinle, MD

Video

(CME Track) Clinical Case Connections: Understanding the Impact of Advances in Treatment for DME and DR

David A. Eichenbaum, MD

Video

(COPE Track) Clinical Case Connections: Understanding the Impact of Advances in Treatment for DME and DR

David A. Eichenbaum, MD

Video

(COPE Track) Clinical Case Connections: Expert Insights on Applying Therapeutic Innovations in nAMD

Nathan C. Steinle, MD

Video

(COPE Track) Toric IOLs Unleashed: From Technological Progress to Patient Success

Tanner Ferguson, MD; Taj Nasser, MD, FWCRS

Video

(CME Credit) Navigating Pharmacological Presbyopia Treatment for Enhanced Patient Care

Jacob Lang, OD, FAAO; Selina R. McGee, OD, FAAO; Neda Shamie, MD

Video

(COPE Credit) Navigating Pharmacological Presbyopia Treatment for Enhanced Patient Care

Jacob Lang, OD, FAAO; Selina R. McGee, OD, FAAO; Neda Shamie, MD

Video

Neurotrophic Keratitis Insights: An Interactive Corneal Sensitivity Testing Workshop

John D. Gelles, OD, FAAO, FIAOMC, FCLSA, FSLS, FBCLA; John Hovanesian, MD, FACS

Video

(COPE Track) Small Mites, Big Impact: Revolutionizing Demodex Blepharitis Care

Arjan Hura, MD; Neda Shamie, MD; Kristin Barnes, OD

Video

(CME Track) Small Mites, Big Impact: Revolutionizing Demodex Blepharitis Care

Arjan Hura, MD; Neda Shamie, MD; Kristin Barnes, OD

Differentiating between divergence, convergence disorders is a challenge

Newsletter

Related Content

International Glaucoma Symposium highlights the meeting point of practice and technology

MRI study links glymphatic system dysfunction to idiopathic intracranial hypertension

FDA approves carbachol–brimonidine eye drop for presbyopia following phase 3 BRIO trials

FDA Type C meeting supports phase 2b/3 pathway for urcosimod in neuropathic corneal pain

FDA approves NDA labeling supplement allowing re-administration of iDose TR

Latest CME

Coordinated Care in Neovascular Retinal Disease: The Optometrist’s Role in Applying Advances in Management

EnVision Summit

(CME Track) Expanding Horizons in Toric IOLs: Translating Technological Advances Into Improved Patient Outcomes

(CME Track) The TED Perspective: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Thyroid Eye Care

(CME Track) Visionary Approaches: Rethinking Therapeutic and Interventional Glaucoma Management

(COPE Track) The Neural Frontier: Mapping Neurostimulation Across the DED Patient Spectrum for Refractive Surgery

(COPE Track) Visionary Approaches: Rethinking Therapeutic and Interventional Glaucoma Management

(COPE Track) The TED Perspective: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Thyroid Eye Care

(COPE Track) Expanding Horizons in Toric IOLs: Translating Technological Advances Into Improved Patient Outcomes

(COPE Track) Patient-Centered Treatment Strategies in the Management of nAMD and DME

Practical Approaches to Modern Dry Eye Treatment and Management

(CME Credit) Time Matters in GA: The Impact of Early Detection and Proactive Treatment Approaches

(CME Track) Revolutionizing nAMD and DME Management: Collaborative Strategies in the Age of Durable Treatments

(CME Track) Patient-Centered Treatment Strategies in the Management of nAMD and DME

(COPE Track) Revolutionizing nAMD and DME Management: Collaborative Strategies in the Age of Durable Treatments

(CME Track) The Neural Frontier: Mapping Neurostimulation Across the DED Patient Spectrum for Refractive Surgery

(COPE Credit) Time Matters in GA: The Impact of Early Detection and Proactive Treatment Approaches

(CME Track) Clinical Consultations™: Framing a New Approach to Geographic Atrophy Management – Expert Insights into Recent Developments

(COPE Track) Clinical Consultations™: Framing a New Approach to Geographic Atrophy Management – Expert Insights into Recent Developments

(COPE Track) Rapid Reviews in Retina™: Emerging Updates from Winter 2025 – Addressing the Wealth of New Data in Treatments for nAMD and DME

(CME Track) Rapid Reviews in Retina™: Emerging Updates from Winter 2025 – Addressing the Wealth of New Data in Treatments for nAMD and DME

(CME Track) Collaborative Community Connections™: Mastering the Management of nAMD and DME Through Therapeutic Innovation

Living With X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa: What We Can Learn From a Patient’s Experience

(COPE Track) Collaborative Community Connections™: Mastering the Management of nAMD and DME Through Therapeutic Innovation

Living With X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa: What We Can Learn From a Patient’s Experience

Navigating the Glaucoma Therapeutic and Surgical Landscape: From Conventional to Cutting-Edge

(COPE Track) Neurotrophic Keratitis: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Enhance Patient Outcomes

(CME Track) Neurotrophic Keratitis: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Enhance Patient Outcomes

(CME Track) The Neural Network: Exploring The Role of Neuromodulation in Dry Eye Disease Management

(COPE Track) The Neural Network: Exploring The Role of Neuromodulation in Dry Eye Disease Management

(CME Track) Toric IOLs Unleashed: From Technological Progress to Patient Success

(CME Track) Clinical Case Connections: Expert Insights on Applying Therapeutic Innovations in nAMD

(CME Track) Clinical Case Connections: Understanding the Impact of Advances in Treatment for DME and DR

(COPE Track) Clinical Case Connections: Understanding the Impact of Advances in Treatment for DME and DR

(COPE Track) Clinical Case Connections: Expert Insights on Applying Therapeutic Innovations in nAMD

(COPE Track) Toric IOLs Unleashed: From Technological Progress to Patient Success

(CME Credit) Navigating Pharmacological Presbyopia Treatment for Enhanced Patient Care

(COPE Credit) Navigating Pharmacological Presbyopia Treatment for Enhanced Patient Care

Neurotrophic Keratitis Insights: An Interactive Corneal Sensitivity Testing Workshop

(COPE Track) Small Mites, Big Impact: Revolutionizing Demodex Blepharitis Care

(CME Track) Small Mites, Big Impact: Revolutionizing Demodex Blepharitis Care

Trending on Ophthalmology Times - Clinical Insights for Eye Specialists

FDA approves carbachol–brimonidine eye drop for presbyopia following phase 3 BRIO trials

Opus Genetics launches phase 1/2 MERTK gene therapy trial

FDA approves NDA labeling supplement allowing re-administration of iDose TR

Eye exams could enable earlier detection of systemic disease

Study finds artificial tear viscosity and shear-thinning behavior vary by formulation