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Many, many, many years ago, when I was but a young trainee doing my fellowship year in Corneal and External Diseases, my professor called me into his office on multiple occasions.“Sit down,” he would say, and I did. “So, are you happy?” he would ask. It struck me as an unusual question at the time. Today, I wonder if my professor might have been on to something.

Severe myopia affected the attitudes of both Theodore Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan, but in opposite ways, according to biographer Edmund Morris.“Since both of them became aware of their myopia in their early teens, it was obviously a formative experience for both of them,” Morris told Ophthalmology Times.

Ab interno canaloplasty accesses, catheterizes, and viscodilates all sites controlling aqueous outflow. At 6 months, IOP lowering ranges from 33.3% to 38.4%, whether looking at all comers, eyes undergoing simultaneous cataract surgery, those not previously on glaucoma medications, and individuals with and without a history of glaucoma laser trabeculoplasty.

Aerie recently reported the results of its second phase III registration trial in the United States named Rocket 2, where the primary efficacy endpoint was to demonstrate non-inferiority of IOP lowering for Rhopressa compared with timolol.

Phase I/II interim data for a bimatoprost sustained-release implant show the device has favorable safety and efficacy and may address the problem of patient nonadherence.

A bimatoprost-releasing ocular insert that rests in the conjunctival fornix (ForSight VISION5) lowered IOP in patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma by an average of 4 to 6 mm Hg from baseline over 6 months.

The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) provided evidence supporting early treatment of selected patients with OHT, especially in high-risk individuals identified by a glaucoma risk prediction model. A new phase designed to gather data to guide even more personalized care is about to begin.

While it is still unclear why some patients respond well to anti-VEGF therapy and others do not, a new post hoc analysis of the DRCR.net Protocol I data may help physician make more efficient use of therapy by more quickly identifying which category each patient is in.

An extended-release therapy that encapsulates travoprost in an intracameral implant showed a statistically significant and clinically meaningful reduction in IOP with results comparable to topical once-daily travoprost ophthalmic solution, said Tom R. Walters, MD, Texan Eye, Austin.

A 65-year-old male with a history of congenital cataracts, bilateral cataract extraction and secondary placement of anterior chamber intraocular lenses with subsequent development of glaucoma, cicatricial conjunctivitis, dry eye and limbal stem cell deficiency presented with left eye pain and decreased vision.

Ophthalmology Times spoke with its Editorial Advisory Board members to get their thoughts on how the field of ophthalmology is growing, what advances they are highly anticipating, and what major hurdles ophthalmologists will face in 2016. A special thanks to Peter J. McDonnell, MD, Randall Olson, MD, Andrew G. Lee, MD, Sharon Fekrat, MD, and Robert K. Maloney, MD, for giving us a sneak peak at what the new year will bring.

Reproducibility of keratometry is better for early keratoconus than for advanced keratoconus, a new study showed.The study could help clinicians decide when to use corneal cross-linking in their efforts to stop the progression of the disease, wrote Tom H. Flynn, PhD, and his colleagues from the Corneal Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, St. George’s Hospital, London. They published their finding in the British Journal of Ophthalmology.

While no new drug shook up the world of glaucoma in 2015, a variety of promising agents made incremental advances toward the market with their true potential as yet unproven. Manufacturers have continued to refine approaches to existing drugs.

Corneal surgeons thought 2015 would be the year that collagen crosslinking (CXL) for the treatment of keratoconus would be approved in the United States, but the FDA’s decision on Avedro’s KXL system is not expected until April 2016.

While 2015 may not have been the year for ground-breaking introductions or trials in the field of refractive surgery, plenty of improvements have kept the procedure an evolving process, Ophthalmology Times editorial advisory board members said.

Over the past few years, various diagnostics have been introduced to help clinicians identify inflammatory conditions on the ocular surface more readily and, therefore, provide treatment to patients earlier in their disease states.

As 2015 progressed, researchers reported better ways to detect glaucoma, measure the damage it is causing, and understand how that damage is affecting their patients’ lives. No single innovation revolutionized the profession, but a wide range of technologies became more available to clinicians.

A standard measurement and grading system for the field of binocular single vision (BSV) should be combined with a quality of life (QoL) questionnaire to assess the success of strabismus surgery in patients with diplopia from Graves’ orbitopathy researchers said.

Alimera Sciences features 10 physician case studies via webcast.

2015 may be noted as a year of emergence for sustained-release drug delivery therapies for dry eye and glaucoma, according to Jonathan H. Talamo, MD, Boston.Cornea specialists have always appreciated the need to treat dry eye, “but it’s now becoming more and more appreciated and the importance of underlying dry eye and drying is so ubiquitous,” said Ernest W. Kornmehl, MD, Brookline, MA.

New research into pattern-recognition receptors is yielding promising therapies that target the specific pathogens and inflammatory pathways in keratitis, researchers said.

Selective laser trabeculoplasty is safe and effective for reducing IOP in patients with glaucoma. However, not all patients respond to treatment and its effects are not permanent even in those who respond well.

The babies of women who use topical chloramphenicol during pregnancy do not appear to run an increased risk of congenital malformations, researchers say. An analysis of births to Danish mothers picking up topical prescriptions for the antibiotic during pregnancy found a major malformation rate of 3.50% compared to 3.49% for unexposed Danish mothers, according to Vilde Thomseth, MD, of the Ophthalmology Department at Golstrub Hospital in Glostrup, Denmark and colleagues at three other Danish centres.

Ophthalmology Times is pleased to announce Amy Patel, MD, of Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, UC Irvine Health, Irvine, CA, as the winner of its 2015 Resident Writer’s Award Program, sponsored by Allergan. Dr. Patel’s winning entry is featured here.

The trend for advances in intraoperative imaging systems and linking of diagnostic and surgical technology continued in 2015, bringing cataract surgeons more opportunity for increasing workflow efficiency and improving patient outcomes.

The year 2015 brought a trickle of innovation to the technique of glaucoma surgery, and a tidal wave of change to the business model in the United States.